/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     |
    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 1991-2010 OpenCFD Ltd.
     \\/     M anipulation  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Class
    Foam::fv::CrankNicholsonDdtScheme

Description
    Second-oder CrankNicholson implicit ddt using the current and
    previous time-step fields as well as the previous time-step ddt.

SourceFiles
    CrankNicholsonDdtScheme.C

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef CrankNicholsonDdtScheme_H
#define CrankNicholsonDdtScheme_H

#include <finiteVolume/ddtScheme.H>

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

namespace Foam
{

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

namespace fv
{

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                       Class CrankNicholsonDdtScheme Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

template<class Type>
class CrankNicholsonDdtScheme
:
    public fv::ddtScheme<Type>
{
    // Private Data

        //- Class to store the ddt0 fields on the objectRegistry for use in the
        //  next time-step.  The start-time index of the CN scheme is also
        //  stored to help handle the transition from Euler to CN
        template<class GeoField>
        class DDt0Field
        :
            public GeoField
        {
            label startTimeIndex_;

        public:

            //- Constructor from file for restart.
            DDt0Field
            (
                const IOobject& io,
                const fvMesh& mesh
            );

            //- Constructor from components, initisalised to zero with given
            //  dimensions.
            DDt0Field
            (
                const IOobject& io,
                const fvMesh& mesh,
                const dimensioned<typename GeoField::value_type>& dimType
            );

            //- Return the start-time index
            label startTimeIndex() const;
            
            //- Cast to the underlying GeoField
            GeoField& operator()();

            //- Assignment to a GeoField
            void operator=(const GeoField& gf);
        };


        //- Off-centering coefficient, 1 -> CN, less than one blends with EI
        scalar ocCoeff_;


    // Private Member Functions

        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
        CrankNicholsonDdtScheme(const CrankNicholsonDdtScheme&);

        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
        void operator=(const CrankNicholsonDdtScheme&);

        template<class GeoField>
        DDt0Field<GeoField>& ddt0_
        (
            const word& name,
            const dimensionSet& dims
        );

        //- Check if the ddt0 needs to be evaluated for this time-step
        template<class GeoField>
        bool evaluate(const DDt0Field<GeoField>& ddt0) const;

        //- Return the coefficient for Euler scheme for the first time-step
        //  for and CN thereafter
        template<class GeoField>
        scalar coef_(const DDt0Field<GeoField>&) const;

        //- Return the old time-step coefficient for Euler scheme for the
        //  second time-step and for CN thereafter
        template<class GeoField>
        scalar coef0_(const DDt0Field<GeoField>&) const;

        //- Return the reciprocal time-step coefficient for Euler for the
        //  first time-step and CN thereafter
        template<class GeoField>
        dimensionedScalar rDtCoef_(const DDt0Field<GeoField>&) const;

        //- Return the reciprocal old time-step coefficient for Euler for the
        //  second time-step and CN thereafter
        template<class GeoField>
        dimensionedScalar rDtCoef0_(const DDt0Field<GeoField>&) const;

        //- Return ddt0 multiplied by the off-centreing coefficient
        template<class GeoField>
        tmp<GeoField> offCentre_(const GeoField& ddt0) const;


public:

    //- Runtime type information
    TypeName("CrankNicholson");


    // Constructors

        //- Construct from mesh
        CrankNicholsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh)
        :
            ddtScheme<Type>(mesh),
            ocCoeff_(1.0)
        {}

        //- Construct from mesh and Istream
        CrankNicholsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh, Istream& is)
        :
            ddtScheme<Type>(mesh, is),
            ocCoeff_(readScalar(is))
        {
            if (ocCoeff_ < 0 || ocCoeff_ > 1)
            {
                FatalIOErrorIn
                (
                    "CrankNicholsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh, Istream& is)",
                    is
                )   << "coefficient = " << ocCoeff_
                    << " should be >= 0 and <= 1"
                    << exit(FatalIOError);
            }
        }


    // Member Functions

        //- Return mesh reference
        const fvMesh& mesh() const
        {
            return fv::ddtScheme<Type>::mesh();
        }

        tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh> > fvcDdt
        (
            const dimensioned<Type>&
        );

        tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh> > fvcDdt
        (
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );

        tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh> > fvcDdt
        (
            const dimensionedScalar&,
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );

        tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh> > fvcDdt
        (
            const volScalarField&,
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );

        tmp<fvMatrix<Type> > fvmDdt
        (
            GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );

        tmp<fvMatrix<Type> > fvmDdt
        (
            const dimensionedScalar&,
            GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );

        tmp<fvMatrix<Type> > fvmDdt
        (
            const volScalarField&,
            GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );

        typedef typename ddtScheme<Type>::fluxFieldType fluxFieldType;

        tmp<fluxFieldType> fvcDdtPhiCorr
        (
            const volScalarField& rA,
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& U,
            const fluxFieldType& phi
        );

        tmp<fluxFieldType> fvcDdtPhiCorr
        (
            const volScalarField& rA,
            const volScalarField& rho,
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& U,
            const fluxFieldType& phi
        );


        tmp<surfaceScalarField> meshPhi
        (
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&
        );
};


template<>
tmp<surfaceScalarField> CrankNicholsonDdtScheme<scalar>::fvcDdtPhiCorr
(
    const volScalarField& rA,
    const volScalarField& U,
    const surfaceScalarField& phi
);


template<>
tmp<surfaceScalarField> CrankNicholsonDdtScheme<scalar>::fvcDdtPhiCorr
(
    const volScalarField& rA,
    const volScalarField& rho,
    const volScalarField& U,
    const surfaceScalarField& phi
);


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

} // End namespace fv

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

} // End namespace Foam

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#ifdef NoRepository
#   include <finiteVolume/CrankNicholsonDdtScheme.C>
#endif

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

#endif

// ************************ vim: set sw=4 sts=4 et: ************************ //
